Monitoring, Modeling, and Memory

Dynamics of Data and Knowledge in Scientific Cyberinfrastructures

Archive for the ‘Reflections’ Category

“Modeling” memory is easier than “monitoring” memory

Posted by archer on January 25, 2011

In reviewing some interview notes, I saw this segment from an interview with someone who works for the Earth System Grid. ESG is planning to add observational data to the data portal in addition to its current collection of model data. I asked him what it will be like to move from a system that handles just data output from models to include data collected from observational systems. His reply:

“Oh yeah it’s going to be a big jump. Because the model data is easy compared to the observational data…”

“What makes model data easy compared to observational data?”

“Well, for one thing, it’s all already in a nice gridded format. I mean, you got the nice 2D and 3D pieces, that doesn’t tend to be any missing data, like… I mean, observational data requires all the work just to be able to take it from what the center says to something that human can use. And it’s already in a pretty well-defined format, either GRIB or NetCDF or something like that. It’s just probably… I mean, it’s… Since it’s an idealized representation of the world, I guess, in some ways the data is seen as kind of an idealized data format and data that it’s a lot easier to… Easier doesn’t mean easy but… I’m reading articles about observational data and I’ve accessed enough it that it’s really, really hard sometimes.”

We haven’t often had our three themes of monitoring, modeling, and memory come up as analytical concepts, but this instance was striking because it nicely showed a relationship between them. Idealized system for generating data results in an idealized data format that is easier to store. Model runs with non-idealized data can be repeated, keeping the data cleaner. I don’t want to pretend that model data is always clean or uncomplicated, but it does seem that in some real senses it could be simpler than observational data.

Posted in Reflections, Uncategorized | Leave a Comment »

On time: Victorian “time table of the world’s principal cities”

Posted by Paul N. Edwards on January 21, 2011

We were talking about time again. Steve finally started reading Robert Grudin’s Time and the Art of Living, one of the most beautiful and worthwhile books I know.

Now, check out this Victorian-era infographic (1883) showing over 100 world cities with their local times relative to Washington D.C. (at the center of the temporal universe, according to the graphic.)

Look twice. Because the times at each city vary not by today’s standard (multiples of one hour), but by multiples of one minute. Or less.

When it’s noon in Washington D.C., it’s 7:49 PM in Mecca and 6:33 PM in Warsaw.

There’s no information with the graphic to tell you the basis of time at each location, but given the era it was probably loosely centered on the solar clock. Noon at each location was the moment the sun reached its zenith. A local observatory would have sent out a time signal by telegraph, and/or lowered a time ball mounted on a high mast, and/or fired a gun to mark the moment. Locals would have set their clocks and watches to that signal.

Observatories and telegraph companies also got into the business of selling time signals to businesses within a hundred miles or so of their location. Further west or east than that and it would’ve been time (ho ho) to get a different signal.

It’s part of an exhibit of Victorian graphics at BibliOdyssey, also worth checking out.

Posted in Current Reading, Reflections | 1 Comment »

Science review of A Vast Machine

Posted by Paul N. Edwards on January 15, 2011

A review by Richard Somerville just came out. You can see it here.

In the same review, Somerville discusses philosopher Eric Winsberg’s new book Science in the Age of Computer Simulation. Winsberg is one of a few intrepid philosophers who have taken up the challenge of understanding the logic of simulation and modeling, which lie at the core of modern science (and which I discuss extensively in A Vast Machine.)

From the review:

Winsberg suggests that philosophy of [contemporary] science… ought to concern itself with the subject of simulating complex phenomena within existing theory, as opposed to its traditional focus on the creation of novel scientific theories. Winsberg concludes,

[W]hat we might call the ontological relationship between simulations and experiments is quite complicated. Is it true that simulations are, after all, a particular species of experiment? I have tried to argue against this claim, while at the same time insisting that the differences between simulation and experiment are more subtle than some of the critics of the claim have suggested. Most important, I have tried to argue that we should disconnect questions about the identity of simulations and experiments from questions of the epistemic power of simulations.

Philosophy has been trailing the actual state of science for a long time now, so it’s good to see this kind of work coming out.

I’m afraid, though, that it’s still trailing the bleeding edge — we’ve entered an age of data-intensive science, which presents its own epistemic challenges: for example, how much does theory matter when statistical analysis of huge datasets reveals strong correlations? If predictive power is your main goal, sometimes data can take the place of explanation. (Not sure I actually believe this, but it’s a compelling point of view.) Take a look at Hey et al., The Fourth Paradigm if this kind of thing interests you.

Posted in News, Reflections, Reviews, Uncategorized | Leave a Comment »

Time

Posted by Paul N. Edwards on January 14, 2011

We were talking about time and rhythm today – here are a few references:

Dohrn-van Rossum, Gerhard. History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1996. Focuses on the medieval world, but covers the ancient world through the present. Fascinating discussion of the medieval order — when hours were of variable length (1/12 of the time between sunset and sunrise, or vice versa) — and its evolution into the modern temporal order with hours and other units having equal length. Clocks and bells as signaling systems, going off all day and much of the night as well to mark various prayers, community tasks, come-in-from-the-fields, etc. — the medieval world was REALLY LOUD!

Grudin, Robert. Time and the Art of Living. New York: Ticknor & Fields. 1988. I adore this book. Put it by your bedside – numbered paragraphs, à la Wittgenstein, each a small meditation on time.

Høeg, Peter. Borderliners. New York: Farrar Straus and Giroux. 1994. Same guy that wrote Smilla’s Sense of Snow. An extremely controlled, possibly autobiographical story about growing up in an orphanage in Denmark, but much of the book is about the psychological experience of time.

Then, of course, there’s the immortal Pink Floyd song “Time,” from Dark Side of the Moon. Maybe the best thing ever written about mortality.

Posted in Reflections, Uncategorized | 1 Comment »

A group repository for social science data

Posted by monmodmem on November 21, 2009

We are using NVivo to not only code our transcript data but to act as a data repository of source materials. NVivo not built to handle this second functionality in a collaborative environment, and as a result leads to the proliferation of source materials – both within NVivo and across multiple versions of files. The collaborative functionality allows for the proper integration of coding — but not of sources, which are just duplicated, and will be duplicated each time a site tried to merge their local master into the project master. This is okay to deal with on the small scale, but really breaks down at larger scales. Anticipating a couple of hundred interviews, we fear the consequences.

Assuming we can get a functional set of NVivo techniques and complementary social practices, we still face intellectual challenges of how to do this sort of large-scale collaborative coding. For instance, we have a constant tension between wanting to do “entrepreneurial” coding for a specific group’s interest or upcoming paper, and yet preserving a common set of codes that will allow us to compare between projects. Although difficult, this intercomparison is one of the distinguishing features of our research and giving it up would be (in some ways) giving up the game.

Since NVivo minimally supports the processes we need to perform, we have had to focus our efforts on social design. We have elaborate diagrams and descriptions of work flows for receiving and disseminating our coded data. Hopefully as we talk to the NVivo team we will be able to inform them of ways that they could move this burden from the social back into their technical design.

Posted in Collaborative coding, Reflections | Leave a Comment »

 
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